1Dr Muhammad Sboor, 2Dr Ali, 3Dr Abdul Qadir Khan, 4Dr Muhammad Javed, 5Dr
Muhammad Adnan

Association Between Nutritional Status and
Disease Activity in Inflammatory

Abstract:

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains an important cause of in-hospital
morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of patients at increased risk of death is essential for
appropriate monitoring, timely intervention, and effective allocation of critical care resources. Identification of clinical and laboratory predictors may assist in early risk stratification of
patients presenting with AMI.To determine the clinical predictors of in-hospital mortality among
patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction.A hospital-based analytical cross-sectional
study was conducted among 190 adult patients with confirmed acute myocardial infarction. Patients with STEMI and NSTEMI were included and followed throughout their index
hospitalization. Demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, clinical presentation, hemodynamic parameters, type of AMI, laboratory investigations, left ventricular ejection
fraction, and in-hospital complications were recorded using a structured data collection proforma. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using
appropriate tests for comparison of survivors and non-survivors, followed by multivariable
binary logistic regression to identify independent predictors of mortality. Adjusted odds ratios
(ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Among the 190 patients included in the study, 166 (87.4%) survived to hospital discharge, while 24 (12.6%) died during hospitalization. Non-survivors were significantly older and more frequently presented with STEMI, delayed presentation, cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, renal dysfunction, tachycardia, and systolic hypotension. Cardiogenic shock was strongly associated with mortality GlobalHealth & Medicine. 2026; 8(3):345-357. Original Article DOI:10.35772/ghm.2026.01072 and remained an independent predictor on multivariable analysis (adjusted OR: 8.92; 95% CI: 2.89–27.52; p<0.001). LVEF <40% (adjusted OR: 5.76; 95% CI: 2.01–16.48; p=0.001), acute heart failure (adjusted OR: 3.84; 95% CI: 1.39–10.62; p=0.009), creatinine >1.5 mg/dL (adjusted
OR: 3.21; 95% CI: 1.22–8.45; p=0.018), systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg (adjusted OR: 4.67;
95% CI: 1.55–14.05; p=0.006), and age ≥70 years (adjusted OR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.01–5.77;
p=0.048) were also independently associated with increased mortality.In-hospital mortality
among patients with acute myocardial infarction was strongly associated with markers of
hemodynamic instability, impaired ventricular function, acute heart failure, renal dysfunction, and advanced age. Cardiogenic shock and reduced LVEF were the strongest independent
predictors of mortality. Early identification of these high-risk features may facilitate prompt risk
stratification, intensive monitoring, and timely management of patients with AMI.

Key words
Inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn’s disease; ulcerative colitis; nutritional status; malnutrition;
disease activity; albumin; prognostic nutritional index; geriatric nutritional risk index;
micronutrient deficiency.

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